Method for producing resin composition

ABSTRACT

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining a resin composition in which coloration is suppressed. According to an embodiment, provided is a method for producing a resin composition, including: (a) obtaining a resin by polymerization of a resin raw material containing a compound represented by formula (1) below and (b) obtaining a resin composition by mixing an additive into the resin, wherein a polymerization temperature T 1  in step (a) falls within the range of 230° C.&lt;T 1 &lt;250° C., and a mixing temperature T 2  in step (b) falls within the range of 250° C.≤T 2 &lt;280° C.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for producing a resin composition containing a resin having a specific fluorene structure.

BACKGROUND ART

Optical glasses or optical transparent resins are used as materials for optical elements used for optical systems of various cameras such as cameras, film integrated cameras, and video cameras. There are various types of optical glasses which have excellent properties such as heat resistance, transparency, dimensional stability, chemical resistance, etc. and varieties of refractive indices and Abbe numbers, but such optical glasses have problems of poor forming fabricability and low productivity, in addition to high material cost. In particular, processing into aspherical lenses that are used for aberration correction requires an exceptionally high level of technique and high cost, which are therefore serious obstacles for practical use.

In contrast to the aforementioned optical glasses, optical transparent resins, particularly, optical lenses consisting of thermoplastic transparent resins have advantages that such optical lenses can be mass-produced by injection molding, and aspherical lenses also can be easily produced, and are therefore used currently as camera lenses. Examples of the optical transparent resins include polycarbonate consisting of bisphenol A, polymethyl methacrylate, or amorphous polyolefin. Further, polycarbonate resins are particularly used also as sheets or films for optical applications. Sheets and films consisting of polycarbonate resins have high transparency and heat resistance, and are therefore used suitably for front protective sheets, light guiding sheets, or the like, of liquid crystal display devices.

However, polycarbonate resins consisting of bisphenol A have a disadvantage of high birefringence, and therefore the applications thereof are constrained. In particular, in applications for mobile phone cameras and digital cameras in recent years, there is a growing demand for resin materials having high imaging performance and low birefringence, with an increase in resolution due to an increase in the number of pixels. Patent Literature 1 discloses that use of dicarboxylic acid having a fluorene structure as a raw material for polyester resins is effective for reducing the birefringence.

Aiming at further excellent materials, a resin having various excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low Abbe number has been developed (Patent Literature 2). However, in recent years, while electronic devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablets are widely adopted, and various models are put on the market, functions of cameras mounted on such devices are being progressively enhanced (such as higher pixel density and lower F value). In order to precisely mold members such as lenses, sheets, or films, a resin having not only optical properties but also less coloration is desired. Further, with the enhancement of functions of the devices, sheets or films having excellent shapability are also desired.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-64119

Patent Literature 2: International Publication No. 2014/073496

SUMMARY Technical Problem

In view of the aforementioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining a resin composition in which coloration is suppressed.

Solution to Problem

Involvement of vinyl groups is known as one of the causes for resin coloration (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-323837). Further, the inventors have found that aliphatic terminal OH groups (that is, hydroxyalkyl groups located at terminals of compounds) in the resin composition are also involved in the resin coloration. As a result of extensive studies, the inventors have found that the content of vinyl groups and the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups contained in the resin composition can be reduced by performing polymerization reaction and mixing an additive thereinto at a predetermined temperature using a dihydroxy compound having a specific fluorene structure as a raw material, and have achieved the present invention. The present invention is, for example, as follows.

[1] A method for producing a resin composition comprising:

(a) obtaining a resin by polymerization of a resin raw material containing a compound represented by formula (1) below:

wherein

R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

each X is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and

each n is independently an integer of 1 to 5; and

(b) obtaining a resin composition by mixing an additive into the resin, wherein a polymerization temperature T1 in step (a) falls within the range of 230° C.<T1<250° C., and

a mixing temperature T2 in step (b) falls within the range of 250° C.<T2<280° C.

[2] The method according to [1], wherein the polymerization is performed under a pressure of 1 Torr or less.

[3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein X is ethylene.

[4] The method according to any of [1] to [3], wherein n is 1.

[5] The method according to any of [1] to [4], wherein the compound represented by formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene and 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene.

[6] The method according to any of [1] to [5], wherein the resin further contains a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (2) below:

wherein

R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

each Y is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;

W is a single bond or

wherein R₈, R₉, and R₁₄ to R₁₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a phenyl group; and Z′ is an integer of 3 to 11; and

p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 5.

[7] The method according to [6], wherein p and q are 0, and

W is:

wherein R₈ and R₉ are as defined in [6].

[8] The method according to [6], wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is bisphenol A.

[8-1] The method according to any one of [l] to [8], wherein the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin composition satisfies a relationship of:

${\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.75\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 7.83\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 7.65\mspace{14mu} {ppm}} \times 100} \leq {0.5.}$

[9] The method according to any of [1] to [5], wherein the resin further contains a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (3) below:

wherein

each Z is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and

each m is independently an integer of 1 to 5.

[10] The method according to [9], wherein Z is ethylene.

[11] The method according to [9] or [10], wherein m is 1.

[12] The method according to [9], wherein the compound represented by formula (3) is 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalenc.

[12-1] The method according to any one of [9] to [12], wherein a molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) to the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (3) in the resin is 20:80 to 99:1.

[12-2] The method according to any one of [9] to [12-1], wherein the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin composition satisfies a relationship of:

${\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.75\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}} \times 100} \leq 1.0$ or ${\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.59\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.55\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}} \times 100} \leq {1.0.}$

[13] The method according to any one of [1] to [12-3], wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, and a polyester carbonate resin.

[14] The method according to [13], wherein the resin is a polycarbonate resin.

[14-1] The method according to any one of [1] to [14], having a melt volume rate (MVR) of the resin composition of 30 cm³/10 min or more.

[14-2] The method according to any one of [1] to [14-1], wherein the resin composition has a yellowness of less than 20.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention can provide a method for obtaining a resin composition in which coloration is suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Example 1.

FIGS. 2a and 2b are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Example 2.

FIGS. 3a and 3b are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Example 3.

FIGS. 4a and 4b are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Example 4.

FIGS. 5a and 5b are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Comparative Example 1.

FIGS. 6a and 6b are ¹H-NMR charts of a resin composition produced in Comparative Example 2.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

A method for producing a resin composition according to the present invention comprises: (a) obtaining a resin (hereinafter also referred to as resin (A)) by polymerization of a resin raw material containing a compound represented by formula (1) below:

wherein

R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

each X is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and

each n is independently an integer of 1 to 5; and

(b) obtaining a resin composition by mixing an additive into the resin.

Further, in the aforementioned method, a polymerization temperature T1 in step (a) falls within the range of 230° C.<T1<250° C., and a mixing temperature T2 in step (b) falls within the range of 250° C.≤T2<280° C.

In this way, a resin that contains a repeating unit having a specific fluorene structure and is obtained by polymerization at a predetermined temperature is mixed with an additive at a predetermined temperature to obtain a resin composition having less coloration. Such a resin composition having less coloration is suitable as a material for precision members and members required to have transparency. Therefore, the resin composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a material for sheets and films used for optical lenses in digital cameras, smartphones, tablets, and the like, and front protective sheets (films), light guiding sheets (films), and the like, of liquid crystal display devices. Further, the resin composition is also suitable as a material for sheets and films having patterns on their surfaces.

Although the reason why the coloration of the resin composition obtained by the method of the present invention is suppressed is not clear, it is inferred as follows.

Generally, higher polymerization temperature is preferable in that it leads to good reactivity and short reaction time to reach a desired molecular weight. Meanwhile, monomers used as the resin raw materials in the present invention have a structure containing primary alcohol groups at terminals, and have a problem that vinyl groups that cause coloration tend to be produced due to dehydration reaction proceeding from the monomers under high temperature. Further, even after the polymerization reaction, dehydration reaction of terminal OH groups and pyrolysis reaction of oxygen atoms with alkylene chain moieties (—O—X—) (for example, cleavage reaction such as intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction) gradually proceed under high temperature, and thus vinyl groups tend to be produced. Therefore, it is theoretically considered that resins of higher quality are obtained by reducing the reaction temperature to a comparatively low temperature. By the same reason, it is considered that the mixing (extrusion and kneading) with the additive is preferably performed at a comparatively low temperature in order to prevent the progress of the dehydration reaction and the pyrolysis reaction. However, the resin of the present invention is considered to have a structure in which shear stress is easily converted to heat, and thus it is inferred that the production of vinyl groups, that is, the dehydration reaction from the OH terminals and the pyrolysis reaction of polymer chains can be suppressed even at a comparatively high temperature by increasing the fluidity of the resin for mixing.

Further, mixing time is generally shorter than polymerization time, but shear stress applied on the resin is larger in mixing. In the present invention, the mixing with the additive is performed at a further higher temperature than the polymerization temperature, so that the fluidity of the resin can be increased. It is inferred that, as a result of the above, the occurrence of shear heating is reduced to suppress intramolecular heat transfer reaction or the like, and the occurrence of coloring components derived from aromatic rings can be prevented.

Further, polymerization and mixing can be performed at such a comparatively high temperature, and thereby the production of compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups also can be suppressed. According to the studies by the inventors, it has turned out that the lower the polymerization temperature and the temperature at which the additive is mixed, the amount of compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups to be produced increases. As the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups in the resin composition increases, the hydrolysis resistance deteriorates, and products produced by hydrolysis reaction cause yellowing of the resin. However, according to the method of the present invention, it is considered that the production of compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups can be suppressed because the polymerization reaction and the mixing with the additive are performed at a comparatively high temperature.

Thus, according to the method of the present invention, the production of compounds having vinyl groups and compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups can be suppressed at a comparatively high temperature, and therefore good reactivity can be maintained in the polymerization reaction.

1. Resin (A)

First, the constitution of resin (A) will be described.

In formula (1), R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom. Among these, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a cyclohepta group, a cyclopropyl group, or a phenyl group is more preferable, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group is particularly preferable, and a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group is most preferable.

Each X is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethylene group or a propylene group, particularly preferably an ethylene group.

Each n is independently an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably an integer of 1 to 2, particularly preferably 1.

Examples of the compound represented by formula (1) include 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methylphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxy-3-ethylphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene, and 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene. Above all, 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as BPEF) or 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as BPPEF) is suitably used.

The ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) in resin (A) is preferably 40 mol % or more, more preferably 50 mol % or more, further preferably 80 mol % or more, particularly preferably 90 mol % or more, most preferably 100 mol %, based on all repeating units constituting resin (A). Resin (A) may contain a repeating unit other than the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1).

Examples of the other repeating unit include a repeating unit derived from a compound represented by formula (2) below:

In this case, resin (A) is a resin obtained by polymerization of a resin raw material containing the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (2). That is, according to one embodiment, resin (A) contains a repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (2).

In formula (2), R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom. Among these, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms are preferable, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a phenyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and a phenyl group are particularly preferable.

Each Y is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Among these, an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, ethylene or propylene is more preferable, and ethylene is particularly preferable.

W is a single bond or selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R₈, R₉, and R₁₄ to R₁₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a phenyl group; and Z′ is an integer of 3 to 1.

W is preferably a single bond or

more preferably

particularly preferably

R₈, R₉, and R₁₄ to R₁₇ are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group, particularly preferably a methyl group.

R₁₀ and R₁₁ are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom.

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom.

Z′ is preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 3 to 5, particularly preferably 5.

p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1, and it is particularly preferable that both of p and q are 0.

Specific examples of the compound represented by formula (2) include 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane [=bisphenol A], 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl ethane [=bisphenol AP], 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane [=bisphenol AF], 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane [=bisphenol B], bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylmethane [=bisphenol BP], bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane [=bisphenol C], 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane [bisphenol E], bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane [=bisphenol F], bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)propane [=bisphenol G], 1,3-bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene [=bisphenol M], bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone [=bisphenol S], 1,4-bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene [=bisphenol P], bis(4-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl]propane [=bisphenol PH], 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane [=bisphenol TMC], 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane [=bisphenol Z], 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane (bisphenol OCZ), and 4,4-bisphenol. Among these, bisphenol A, bisphenol M, bisphenol C, bisphenol Z, and bisphenol TMC are preferable, and bisphenol A is more preferable.

The total ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (2) is preferably 40 mol % or more, more preferably 50 mol % or more, further preferably 80 mol % or more, particularly preferably 90 mol % or more, most preferably 100 mol %, based on all repeating units constituting resin (A). Resin (A) may contain a repeating unit other than the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (2).

The molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) to the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (2) is preferably 20:80 to 99:1, more preferably 30:70 to 98:2, particularly preferably 40:60 to 95:5.

Examples of the other repeating unit that may be contained in resin (A) include a repeating unit derived from a compound represented by formula (3) below.

In this case, resin (A) is a resin obtained by polymerization of a resin raw material containing the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (3). That is, according to one embodiment, resin (A) contains a repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (3).

In formula (3), each Z is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethylene group or a propylene group, particularly preferably an ethylene group.

Each m is independently an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably an integer of 1 to 2, particularly preferably 1.

Examples of the compound represented by formula (3) include 2,2′-bis(hydroxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene, 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene, 2,2′-bis(3-hydroxypropyloxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene, and 2,2′-bis(4-hydroxybutoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene. Above all, 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene (hereinafter also referred to as BHEBN) is suitably used.

The total ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (3) is preferably 40 mol % or more, more preferably 50 mol % or more, further preferably 80 mol % or more, particularly preferably 90 mol % or more, most preferably 100 mol %, based on all repeating units constituting resin (A). Resin (A) may contain a repeating unit other than the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) and the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (3).

The molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) to the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (3) is preferably 20:80 to 99:1, more preferably 30:70 to 95:5, particularly preferably 40:60 to 90:10.

<Other Components>

Resin (A) may contain a repeating unit derived from a compound other than the compounds of formulas (1) to (3). The amount thereof is desirably 20 mol % or less, further desirably 10 mol % or less, per 100 mol % in total of the repeating units derived from the compounds represented by formulas (1) to (3). When the amount falls within this range, a high refractive index is maintained.

Examples of the repeating unit that may be further contained therein include repeating units derived from aliphatic dihydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,5-heptanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol; alicyclic dihydroxy compounds such as 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, tricyclodecanedimethanol, pentacyclopentadecanedimethanol, 2,6-decalindimethanol, 1,5-decalindimethanol, 2,3-decalindimethanol, 2,3-norbornanedimethanol, 2,5-norbornanedimethanol, and 1,3-adamantanedimethanol; and aromatic bisphenols such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane [=bisphenol A], 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-diethylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-(3,5-diphenyl)phenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane, 2,4′-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, 2,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dichlorodiphenyl ether, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)fluorene.

2. Steps of Producing Resin Composition

Subsequently, each step of producing the resin composition will be sequentially described.

(1) Production Step (a)

In step (a), a resin material containing the compound represented by formula (1) is polymerized to obtain resin (A). The polymerization temperature T1 in step (a) falls within the range of 230° C.<T1<250° C. The polymerization temperature T1 is preferably about 240° C. and is preferably within the range, for example, of 235° C.≤T1≤245° C., 237° C.≤T1≤243° C., or 238° C.≤T1≤242° C.

The type of the resin of the present invention is not specifically limited, but polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, or polyester carbonate resins are preferable, and polycarbonate resins are more preferable. Further, such a resin may have any structure such as random, block, and alternating copolymer. Hereinafter, a polycarbonate resin will be described particularly in detail.

A polycarbonate resin is a resin in which each repeating unit constituting the resin is bonded via a carbonate bond. In the case where the resin containing the repeating unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) in the present invention is such a polycarbonate resin, it can be produced by a melt polycondensation method, using the compound represented by formula (1) and a carbonate precursor such as diester carbonate as raw materials, in the presence of a basic compound catalyst, a transesterification catalyst, or a mixed catalyst consisting of both of them, or in the absence of a catalyst.

Examples of the diester carbonate used for this reaction include diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, bis(chlorophenyl) carbonate, m-cresyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, and dicyclohexyl carbonate. Among these, diphenyl carbonate is particularly preferable. The diester carbonate is preferably used at a molar ratio of 0.97 to 1.20, further preferably a molar ratio of 0.98 to 1.10, per 1 mol in total of dihydroxy compounds. In the case where the amount of diester carbonate is out of the range, problems that the resin does not reach a desired molecular weight, and unreacted raw materials remain the resin, resulting in a reduction in optical properties, for example, can occur.

Examples of the basic compound catalyst particularly include alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds.

Examples of the alkali metal compounds include organic acid salts, inorganic salts, oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, or alkoxides, of alkali metals. Specifically, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, cesium acetate, lithium acetate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, cesium stearate, lithium stearate, sodium borohydridc, sodium borophenylate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, cesium benzoate, lithium benzoate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, disodium phenylphosphate, disodium salt, dipotassium salt, dicesium salt, or dilithium salt of bisphenol A, sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt, or lithium salt of phenol, or the like, is used therefor. Among these, sodium hydrogen carbonate is preferable, since it has high catalytic activity, and inexpensive sodium hydrogen carbonate with high purity is distributed.

Examples of the alkaline earth metal compounds include organic acid salts, inorganic salts, oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, or alkoxides, of alkaline earth metal compounds. Specifically, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, strontium hydrogen carbonate, barium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, strontium acetate, barium acetate, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, calcium benzoate, magnesium phenyl phosphate, or the like, is used therefor.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing compounds include quaternary ammonium hydroxides and salts thereof, and amines. Specifically, quaternary ammonium hydroxides having an alkyl group, an aryl group, or the like, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide; tertiary amines such as triethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, and triphenylamine; secondary amines such as diethylamine and dibutylamine; primary amines such as propylamine and butylamine; imidazoles such as 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, and benzoimidazole; or bases or basic salts such as ammonia, tetramethylammonium borohydride, tetrabutylammonium borohydride, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate, and tetraphenylammonium tetraphenylborate are used therefor.

As the transesterification catalyst, salts such as zinc, tin, zirconium, and lead are preferably used, and these can be used individually or in combination.

As the transesterification catalyst, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, tin (II) chloride, tin (IV) chloride, tin (II) acetate, tin (IV) acetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dimethoxide, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium oxyacetate, zirconium tetrabutoxide, lead (II) acetate, lead (IV) acetate, or the like, is specifically used.

Such a catalyst is used at a molar ratio of 1×10⁻⁹ to 1×10⁻³, preferably at a molar ratio of 1×10⁻⁷ to 1×10⁻⁴, per 1 mol in total of dihydroxy compounds.

Two or more types of catalysts may be used in combination. Further, the catalyst may be added as it is or may be added after being dissolved in a solvent such as water and phenol.

In the melt polycondensation method, melt polycondensation is performed by transesterification reaction using the raw materials and the catalyst described above, under heating and normal pressure or reduced pressure. That is, it is preferable to start the reaction at normal temperature and normal pressure and then to gradually raise the temperature and reduce the pressure while removing by-products. The pressure reduction degree in the final stage of the reaction is preferably 100 to 0.01 Torr, more preferably 50 to 0.01 Torr, particularly preferably 5 to 0.1 Torr, most preferably 1 Torr or less (for example, 1 to 0.01 Torr).

Here, the final stage of the reaction is a stage of performing polymerization reaction under reduced pressure (for example, 100 to 0.01 Torr) after performing transesterification reaction by melting the raw materials. The polymerization temperature T1 in the present invention is a temperature at the final stage of the reaction.

It is considered that compounds having vinyl groups tend to have low boiling point, and the pressure reduction degree at the final stage of the polymerization reaction affects the remaining amount of compounds having vinyl groups in the reaction system. That is, the lower the pressure, the remaining amount of compounds having vinyl groups in the reaction system can be reduced.

The catalyst may be present from the beginning of the reaction together with the raw materials or may be added in the course of the reaction.

The melt polycondensation reaction may be performed continuously or may be performed batchwise. The reactor used for performing the reaction may be a vertical reactor equipped with an anchor-type stirring blade, a Maxblend stirring blade, a helical ribbon-type stirring blade, or the like, a horizontal reactor equipped with a paddle blade, a lattice blade, a spectacle-shaped blade, or the like, or an extruder-type reactor equipped with a screw. Further, these reactors are suitably used appropriately in combination, in consideration of the viscosity of the polymer.

In this method for producing a polycarbonate resin, the catalyst may be removed or inactivated after the completion of the polymerization reaction, in order to maintain thermostability and hydrolytic stability, but is not necessarily inactivated. In the case of inactivating the catalyst, a known method for inactivating a catalyst by adding an acidic substance can be suitably performed. Specifically, as the acidic substance, esters such as butyl benzoate; aromatic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid; aromatic sulfonic acid esters such as butyl p-toluenesulfonate and hexyl p-toluenesulfonate; phosphoric acids such as phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphonic acid; phosphite esters such as triphenyl phosphite, monophenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, diethyl phosphite, di-n-propyl phosphite, di-n-butyl phosphite, di-n-hexyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, and monooctyl phosphite; phosphate esters such as triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, monophenyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, and monooctyl phosphate; phosphonic acids such as diphenylphosphonic acid, dioctylphosphonic acid, and dibutylphosphonic acid; phosphonic acid esters such as diethylphenylphosphonate; phosphines such as triphenylphosphine and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; boric acids such as boric acid and phenylboric acid; aromatic sulfonates such as tetrabutylphosphonium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid; organic halides such as stearic acid chloride, benzoyl chloride, and p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride; alkyl sulfates such as dimethyl sulfate; and organic halides such as benzyl chloride are suitably used. In view of effects of the deactivator and the stability to the resin, p-toluene or butyl sulfonate is particularly preferable. Such a deactivator is used at 0.01 to 50 times by mole, preferably 0.3 to 20 times by mole, the amount of the catalyst. When the amount of the deactivator is less than 0.01 times by mole the amount of the catalyst, the inactivation effect is insufficient, which is not preferable. Further, when the amount of the deactivator is more than 50 times by mole the amount of the catalyst, the heat resistance of the resin is reduced, and the molded product tends to be colored, which is not preferable.

The aforementioned deactivator can be added by kneading and may be added continuously or batchwise. The temperature during kneading is preferably 200 to 350° C., more preferably 230 to 300° C., particularly preferably 250 to 270° C. As a kneader, an extruder is suitably used in the case of continuous addition, and a Labo Plastomill and a kneader are suitably used in the case of batch addition. Examples of the extruder include single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, and multi-screw extruders. In the extruder, a gear pump or the like for stably quantifying the output rate of the resin can be appropriately provided. The atmospheric pressure in melt-kneading the deactivator is not particularly limited, and normal pressure or reduced pressure, for example, a pressure of normal (760 mmHg) to 0.1 mmHg is preferable, in order to prevent oxidation and remove decomposed products and components having a low boiling point such as phenols. The extruder may be ventilated or non-ventilated but is preferably ventilated for improving the quality of extruded products. The pressure at the vent port (vent pressure) may be normal or reduced pressure but may be, for example, a pressure of normal (760 mmHg) to 0.1 mmHg, preferably a pressure of about 100 to 0.1 mmHg, more preferably a pressure of about 50 to 0.1 mmHg, in order to prevent oxidation and remove decomposed products and components having a low boiling point such as phenols. Further, hydrogenation and dehydration may be performed for the purpose of reducing the components having a low boiling point such as phenols more efficiently.

The deactivator may be kneaded immediately after the completion of the polymerization reaction or may be kneaded after pelletizing the polymerized resin. Further, additives (such as an antioxidant, a release agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a flow modifier, a crystal nucleating agent, an enhancer, a dye, an antistatic agent, or an antibacterial agent) other than the deactivator can be added by the same method.

After the catalyst is inactivated (in the case where the deactivator is not added, after the completion of the polymerization reaction), a step of removing low boiling point compounds in the polymer by dehydration at a pressure of 0.1 to 1 mmHg and a temperature of 200 to 350° C. may be provided. The temperature in the dehydration removal is preferably 230 to 300° C., more preferably 250 to 270° C. For this step, a horizontal apparatus equipped with a stirring blade having excellent surface renewal performance such as a paddle blade, a lattice blade, and a spectacle-shaped blade, or a thin film evaporator is suitably used.

The polycarbonate resin is required to contain foreign matter as little as possible, and filtration of the molten raw materials, filtration of the catalyst solution, or the like is suitably performed. The mesh of the filter is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less. Further, filtration of the resin to be produced using a polymer filter is suitably performed. The mesh of the polymer filter is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 30 μm or less. Further, a step of collecting resin pellets of course needs to be carried out in a low dust environment, where class 6 or less is preferable, and class 5 or less is more preferable.

Further, the average molecular weight Mw of the polycarbonate resin in terms of polystyrene is preferably 20000 to 200000, further preferably 25000 to 120000, particularly preferably 25000 to 50000.

The Mw of less than 20000 is not preferable since the resin is brittle. The Mw is more than 200000 is not preferable, since the melt viscosity is high, and therefore drawing the resin out of the mold in molding is made difficult, further the fluidity deteriorates, and handling in a molten state is made difficult.

(2) Production Step (b)

Subsequently, in step (b), an additive is mixed into resin (A) obtained in step (a) to obtain a resin composition. The mixing temperature T2 in step (b) falls within the range of 250° C.≤T2≤280° C. The mixing temperature T2 is preferably about 260° C. and is preferably within the range, for example, of 255° C.≤T2≤275° C., 255° C.≤T2≤270° C., 255° C.≤T2≤265° C., or 257° C.≤T2≤263° C.

The method for mixing the additive with resin (A) is not specifically limited, but pelletization is preferably performed while performing the mixing, for example, by using an extruder. In this case, the mixing temperature T2 in the present invention is a temperature inside the extruder. Even in the case of not using the extruder, the environment in which the additive is mixed into resin (A) needs only to fall within the range of the mixing temperature T2. The aforementioned deactivator may be added together with the additive.

Examples of the additive include antioxidants, processing stabilizers, light stabilizers, heavy metal deactivators, flame retardants, lubricants, antistatic agents, surfactants, antibacterial agents, release agents, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, and compatibilizers, and an antioxidant and a release agent, for example, are preferably added.

Examples of the antioxidants include triethylene glycol-bis[3-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6-hexanediol-bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], pentaerythritol-tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, N,N-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamide), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl phosphonate-diethyl ester, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, and 3,9-bis{1,1-dimethyl-2-[f-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], and 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane. The content of the antioxidants in the resin composition is preferably 0.001 to 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition.

Examples of the processing stabilizers include phosphorus-based processing heat stabilizers and sulfur-based processing heat stabilizers. Examples of the phosphorus-based processing heat stabilizers include phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonous acid, and phosphonic acid, and esters thereof. Specific examples thereof include triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, didecylmonophenyl phosphite, dioctylmonophenyl phosphite, diisopropylmonophenyl phosphite, monobutyldiphenyl phosphite, monodecyldiphenyl phosphite, monooctyldiphenyl phosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)octyl phosphite, bis(nonylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tributyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monoorthoxenyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, diisopropyl phosphate, dimethyl benzenephosphonate, diethyl benzenephosphonate, dipropyl benzenephosphonate, tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-4,4′-biphenylenediphosphonite, tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-4,3′-biphenylenediphosphonite, tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-3,3′-biphenylenediphosphonite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3-phenyl-phenylphosphonite. The content of the phosphorus-based processing heat stabilizers in the resin composition is preferably 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition.

Examples of the sulfur-based processing heat stabilizers include pentaerythritol-tetrakis(3-laurylthiopropionate), pentaerythritol-tetrakis(3-myristylthiopropionate), pentaerythritol-tetrakis(3-stearylthiopropionate), dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, and distearyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate. The content of the sulfur-based processing heat stabilizers in the resin composition is preferably 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition.

As the release agents, release agents with 90 wt % or more consisting of esters of alcohols and fatty acids are preferable. Specific examples of the esters of alcohols and fatty acids include esters of monohydric alcohols and fatty acids, and partial esters or all esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids. As the esters of monohydric alcohols and fatty acids above, esters of monohydric alcohols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and saturated fatty acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms are preferable. Further, as the partial esters or all esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids, partial esters or all esters of polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 25 carbon atoms and saturated fatty acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms are preferable.

Specific examples of the esters of monohydric alcohols and saturated fatty acids include stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, butyl stearate, methyl laurate, and isopropyl palmitate. Examples of the partial ester or all esters of polyhydric alcohols and saturated fatty acids include all esters or partial esters of stearic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid diglyceride, stearic acid triglyceride, stearic acid monosorbitate, behenic acid monoglyceride, capric acid monoglyceride, lauric acid monoglyceride, pentaerythritol monostearate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate, propylene glycol monostearate, biphenyl biphenate, sorbitan monostearate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, and dipentaerythritol such as dipentaerythritol hexastearate. Among these, stearic acid monoglyceride and lauric acid monoglyceride are particularly preferable. The content of these release agents is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.6 parts by weight, further preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition.

As the ultraviolet absorbers, at least one ultraviolet absorber selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers, cyclic imino ester-based ultraviolet absorbers, and cyano acrylate-based ultraviolet absorbers is preferable. That is, any one of the following ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

Examples of the benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dicumylphenyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,2′-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-(2N-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol], 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amaylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2.2′-methylenebis(4-cumyl-6-benzotriazole phenyl), 2,2′-p-phenylenebis(1,3-benzoxazin-4-one), and 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidemethyl)-5-methylphenyl]benzotriazole.

Examples of the benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfoxytrihydratebenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-5-sodium sulfoxybenzophenone, bis(5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methane, 2-hydroxy-4-n-dodecyloxybenzophenone, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2′-carboxybenzophenone.

Examples of the triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]-phenol, 2-(4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-[(octyl)oxy]-phenol, and 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy-3-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

Examples of the cyclic imino ester-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2,2′-bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-p-phenylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-m-phenylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-(4,4′-diphenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-(2,6-naphthalene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-(1,5-naphthalene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-(2-methyl-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2′-(2-nitro-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), and 2,2′-(2-chloro-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one).

Examples of the cyano acrylate-based ultraviolet absorbers include 1,3-bis-[(2′-cyano-3′,3′-diphenylacryloyl)oxy]-2,2-bis[(2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacryloyl)oxy]methyl)propane, and 1,3-bis-[(2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacryloyl)oxy]benzene.

The content of the ultraviolet absorbers is preferably 0.01 to 3.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 1.0 part by weight, further preferably 0.05 to 0.8 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition. When the amount blended falls within the aforementioned range, sufficient weather resistance can be imparted to the resin depending on the application.

Further, the resin composition of the present invention may contain other resins in a range not impairing the properties of the present invention, in addition to the resin (A).

Examples of the other resins include: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, (meth)acrylic resin, ABS resin, polyamide, polyacetal, polycarbonate, polyphenylene ether, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, fluororesin, cycloolefin polymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, epoxy resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and polyurethane.

The content of the other resins is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, further preferably 10 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by weight of the resin (A).

When the content of the other resins is excessively high, the transparency of the resin composition may be reduced due to deterioration in compatibility in some cases. In order to keep a low optical strain, the other resins are preferably not contained.

3. Properties of Resin Composition

The resin composition obtained by the method of the present invention has small contents of polymers and compounds containing terminal vinyl groups. Specifically, the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups calculated by the method described in Examples below is preferably 0.5 or less (for example, 0.01 to 0.5, or 0.03 to 0.5), more preferably 0.3 or less (for example, 0.03 to 0.3), particularly preferably 0.2 or less (for example, 0.03 to 0.2). Further, the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups is preferably 1.0 or less (for example, 0.05 to 1.0, or 0.3 to 1.0), more preferably 0.9 or less (for example, 0.3 to 0.9), particularly preferably 0.5 or less (for example, 0.3 to 0.5).

Further, the resin composition obtained by the method of the present invention has a small content of compounds containing aliphatic terminal OH groups as well. Specifically, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups calculated by the method described in Examples below is preferably 0.45 or less (for example, 0.1 to 0.45), more preferably 0.3 or less (for example, 0.1 to 0.3), particularly preferably 0.2 or less (for example, 0.1 to 0.2).

Further, the yellowness of the resin composition obtained by the method of the present invention is preferably less than 20, more preferably 15 or less, particularly preferably 13 or less, most preferably 10 or less.

4. Optical Molded Products

Optical molded products can be produced using the resin composition of the present invention. The resin composition of the present invention has less coloration and therefore can be used advantageously as a material for transparent conductive substrates used for liquid crystal displays, organic EL displays, solar cells and the like, and optical molded products such as optical disks, liquid crystal panels, optical lenses, optical sheets, optical films, optical fibers, connectors, and deposited plastic reflectors. Such optical molded products containing the resin composition of the present invention have both high refractive index and excellent shapability.

Generally, resins produced using transesterification have branched structures in their molecular chains and therefore have high viscosity in the low shear rate region and non-Newtonian properties. Therefore, in the case of molding such a resin in the low shear region, non-uniform residual strain tends to occur conventionally, and there have been problems of warpage immediately after processing and deformation under high-temperature condition. Further, although the fluidity of the resin is improved as the temperature at which the resin is softened increases, the decomposition or coloration of the resin tend to occur during molding, and therefore the softening temperature has been constrained. However, the resin composition of the present invention is less likely to be colored and therefore can solve the problem of coloration that can occur during molding, while maintaining the fluidity of the resin. Further, molded products to be obtained have both high refractive index and excellent shapability, and are also excellent in various properties that are desired as optical molded products such as haze, total light transmittance, and Abbe number.

The optical molded products are molded by any method such as injection molding, compression molding, extrusion, and solution casting. In the molding, the resin composition of the present invention can be used by mixing with another resin such as polycarbonate resins and polyester resins. Further, additives such as antioxidants, processing stabilizers, light stabilizers, heavy metal deactivators, flame retardants, lubricants, antistatic agents, surfactants, antibacterial agents, release agents, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, and compatibilizers may be mixed. The detail of such an additive is as described above for the additive in production step (b).

On a surface of such an optical molded product, a coating layer such as an antireflection layer or a hard coating layer may be provided, as needed. The antireflection layer may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers and may be organic matter or inorganic matter but is preferably inorganic matter. Specific examples thereof include oxides or fluorides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium fluoride.

(Optical Films or Optical Sheets)

As an example of the optical molded products, optical films or optical sheets will be described. Films or sheets containing the resin composition of the present invention are suitably used, for example, for liquid crystal substrate films, prism sheets for improving the brightness of liquid crystal display devices, optical memory cards, or the like.

The structures of the sheets and the films are not specifically limited and may be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. In the case of the multilayer structure, a structure in which two layers, three layers, or four or more layers composed of different resins are laminated may be employed.

As a method for producing a sheet and a film, various film forming methods such as melt extrusion (for example, T-die molding), cast coating (for example, flow casting), calendering, and hot pressing can be used and is not specifically limited. Preferable examples include melt extrusion. In the case of using melt extrusion, a well-known melt extrusion machine may be used as an apparatus. Hereinafter, a method for producing a sheet and a film using melt extrusion will be described.

First, the materials are put into the extruder to be melt-kneaded, and molten materials in the form of a sheet are extruded from the tip (lip) of a T-die. Examples of the extruder include single-screw extruders and twin-screw extruders. Further, in the case of producing a multilayer film composed of two or more layers, a plurality of extruders may be used. For example, in the case of producing a three-layered film, after materials are respectively melt-kneaded using three or two extruders, the molten materials can be distributed using a three-type three-layer distribution or two-type three-layer distribution feed block, so as to be coextruded by flowing into a single layer T-die. Alternatively, the molten materials of the each layer may be allowed to flow into a multi-manifold die and distributed into three layers before the lip, so as to be coextruded.

The extruder may be appropriately provided, for example, with a screen mesh for filtering and removing comparatively large foreign matter, or the like, in the materials, a polymer filter for filtering and removing comparatively small foreign matter, gel, or the like, in the materials, and a gear pump for quantifying the amount of resin to be extruded.

The T-die is a die having a slit-shaped lip, and examples thereof include feed block dies, manifold dies, fishtail dies, coat hanger dies, and screw dies. In the case of producing a multilayer thermoplastic resin film, multi manifold dies or the like may be used.

Further, the length of the lip in the width direction of the T-die is not particularly limited but is preferably 1.2 to 1.5 times the width of the product. The degree of opening of the lip may be appropriately adjusted depending on the thickness of the desired product but is generally 1.01 to 10 times, preferably 1.1 to 5 times, the thickness of the desired product. The degree of opening of the lip is preferably adjusted by bolts that are aligned in the width direction of the T-die. The degree of opening of the lip may be non-constant in the width direction, and the draw resonance phenomenon can be suppressed, for example, by adjusting the degree of opening of the lip at the ends to be narrower than the degree of opening of the lip at the center.

Subsequently, the extruded materials in the form of a sheet are sandwiched between two cooling rolls to be molded. The two cooling rolls both may be metal rolls or elastic rolls, or one of them may be a metal roll, with the other being an elastic roll. The surface state of the rolls is not specifically limited and may be mirror surfaces or may have patterns or projections and recesses, for example.

The metal rolls are not specifically limited as long as they have high stiffness, and examples thereof include drilled rolls and spiral rolls.

Examples of the elastic rolls include rubber rolls and elastic rolls provided with metal thin films on their outer circumferences (hereinafter also referred to as metal elastic rolls). Among these, metal elastic rolls are preferable.

The gap between the two cooling rolls (roll gap) is appropriately adjusted depending on the thickness of the desired product, and the roll gap is set so that both surfaces of the materials in the form of a sheet are respectively in contact with the surfaces at the center of the cooling rolls. Therefore, upon being sandwiched by the two cooling rolls, the materials in the form of a sheet are subjected to a constant pressure from the center of the cooling rolls, to be formed into a film or a sheet.

The crimping pressure of the two cooling rolls is arbitrary within the allowable range of the stiffness of the rolls. Further, the forming speed into a sheet and a film also can be appropriately adjusted.

In order to avoid contamination of foreign matter into the film as much as possible, the forming environment of course needs to be a low dust environment and is preferably class 6 or lower, more preferably class 5 or lower.

(Optical Lenses)

Specific examples of the optical molded products also include optical lenses. Optical lenses containing the resin composition of the present invention can be used in the fields in which expensive glass lenses with high refractive index have been conventionally used such as telescopes, binoculars, and television projectors, and are exceptionally useful. Using in the form of an aspherical lens, as needed, is preferable. The aspherical lens can reduce the spherical aberration to substantially zero even with one aspherical lens, and therefore there is no need to eliminate the spherical aberration by combining a plurality of spherical lenses, thereby enabling a reduction in weight and a reduction in production cost. Accordingly, the aspherical lens is particularly useful as a camera lens among optical lenses.

The optical lens is molded by any method such as injection molding, compression molding, and injection compression molding. Aspherical lenses with high refractive index and low birefringence, processing of which is technically difficult by using glass lenses, can be conveniently obtained by using the resin composition of the present invention.

Since the resin composition of the present invention has high fluidity, optical lenses having complex shapes with reduced thickness and reduced size can be produced. As a specific lens size, the thickness in the center portion is 0.05 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mm, further preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm. Further, the diameter is 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 10.0 mm, further preferably 3.0 to 10.0 mm.

In order to avoid contamination of foreign matter into the optical lens as much as possible, the molding environment of course needs to be a low dust environment and is preferably class 6 or lower, more preferably class 5 or lower.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples at all.

1. Resin Composition

The melt volume rate (MVR) and the yellowness in Examples were measured using the following methods.

(1) Melt volume rate (MVR)

The MVR is an index indicating the fluidity of the resin composition, and a larger value indicates a higher fluidity. Resins produced in Examples and Comparative Examples were dried at 120° C. under vacuum for 4 hours and were measured, using a melt indexer T-111 manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd., under conditions of a temperature of 260° C. and a load of 2160 g.

(2) Yellowness

The resins produced in Examples and Comparative Examples were subjected to vacuum drying at 120° C. for 4 hours, followed by injection molding, to obtain test pieces (having a disk shape) with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The yellowness was measured using these test pieces. For the measurement, a double beam spectrophotometer U-2910, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation, was used.

Further, ¹H-NMR measurement conditions were as follows.

(3) ¹H-NMR Measurement Conditions

Apparatus: AVANCE III HD 500 MHz, manufactured by Bruker Corporation Flip angle: 30 degrees Waiting time: 1 second Cumulative number of times: 500 times Measurement temperature: Room temperature (298K)

Concentration: 5 wt %

Solvent: Deuterated chloroform Internal standard substance: Tetramethylsilane (TMS) 0.05 wt %

Example 1: BPEF homopolymer, T1=240° C., T2=260° C.

17.99 kg (41.01 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPEEF”), 9.14 kg (42.65 mol) of diphenyl carbonate (hereinafter also referred to as “DPC”), and 2.07×10⁻² g (2.46×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the mixture was stirred while being heated to 205° C. over 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. After the complete dissolution of the raw materials, the pressure reduction degree was adjusted to 150 Torr over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 205° C. and 150 Torr, followed by transesterification reaction. Further, the temperature was raised to 240° C. at a rate of 37.5° C./hr, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 150 Torr for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 120 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 120 Torr for 70 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 100 Torr for 10 minutes. Further, the pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less over 40 minutes, and polymerization reaction was performed under stirring for 10 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 260° C.

The MVR of the resin composition obtained was 30 cm³/min, the yellowness was 5, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.103, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.198. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups were calculated by the methods described below.

Comparative Example 1: BPEF homopolymer, T1=265° C., T2=285° C.

The same amounts of BPEF, DPC, and sodium hydrogen carbonate as in Example 1 were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the mixture was stirred under heating to 205° C. over 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. After the complete dissolution of the raw materials, the pressure reduction degree was adjusted to 150 Torr over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 205° C. and 150 Torr, followed by transesterification reaction. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 265° C. at a rate of 37.5° C./hr, and the mixture was held at 265° C. and 150 Torr for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 120 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 265° C. and 120 Torr for 70 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 265° C. and 100 Torr for 10 minutes. Further, the conditions were changed to 1 Torr or less over 40 minutes, and polymerization reaction was performed under stirring for 10 minutes under conditions of 265° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 285° C.

The MVR of the resin composition obtained was 30 cm³/min, the yellowness was 20, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.070, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.510. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups were calculated in the same manner as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 2: BPEF homopolymer; T1=230° C., T2=245° C.

The same amounts of BPEF, DPC, and sodium hydrogen carbonate as in Example 1 were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the mixture was stirred under heating to 205° C. over 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. After the complete dissolution of the raw materials, the pressure reduction degree was adjusted to 150 Torr over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 205° C. and 150 Torr, followed by transesterification reaction. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 230° C. at a rate of 37.5° C./hr, and the mixture was held at 230° C. and 150 Torr for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 120 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 230° C. and 120 Torr for 70 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 230° C. and 100 Tort for 10 minutes. Further, the conditions were changed to 1 Torr or less over 40 minutes, and polymerization reaction was performed under stirring for 10 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 245° C.

The MVR of the resin composition obtained was 35 cm³/min, the yellowness was 21, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.463, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.550. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups were calculated in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Method for Calculating Amount of Fluorene-Based Vinyl Terminal Groups)

The polycarbonate resins obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contain the following repeating unit.

wherein Ha represents a hydrogen atom.

Further, a polymer and/or a compound described below is contained in the resin compositions as a by-product generated by polymerization reaction:

wherein * represents a polymer chain, and He represents a hydrogen atom.

Here, vinyl groups located at the terminals of formulas (A) and (B) are referred to as “fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups.” The ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin compositions obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {fluorene}\text{-}{based}\mspace{14mu} {vinyl}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hc}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Ha}} \times 100}$      In  the  aforementioned  expression, it  can  be  considered  as: $\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hc}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Ha}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.75\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 7.83\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 7.65\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

(Method for Calculating Amount of Aliphatic Terminal OH Groups)

The resin compositions obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contain a polymer as described below in which a structure having a hydroxyalkyl group is located at a terminal as an unreacted compound or a by-product:

wherein * represents a polymer chain.

Here, the terminal OH group bound to an alkylene group as shown in formula (C) is referred to as “aliphatic terminal OH group”. Based on the ¹H-NMR spectra of the resin compositions obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {aliphatic}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {OH}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compound}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formula}\mspace{11mu} (C)} \end{matrix}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {{Ha}/2}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned formula, it can be considered as:

$\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compound}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formula}\mspace{11mu} (C)} \end{matrix}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Ha}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 2.02\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 1.95\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 7.83\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 7.65\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

¹H-NMR chart of the resin composition produced in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1(a). FIGS. 1(b) and (c) are enlarged partial views of FIG. 1(a). The ¹H-NMR chart of the resin composition produced in Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. 5(a). FIG. 5(b) is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 5(a). The ¹H-NMR chart of the resin composition produced in Comparative Example 2 is shown in FIG. 6(a). FIG. 6(b) is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 6(a).

Example 2: Copolymer of BPEF and BHEBN; T1=240° C., T2=260° C.

7.80 kg (20.83 mol) of 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (hereinafter also referred to as “BHEBN”), 12.56 kg (28.65 mol) of BPEF, 10.90 kg (50.87 mol) of DPC, and 2.49×10⁻² g (2.97×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 240° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 260° C.

The MVR of the obtained resin composition was 32 cm³/min, the yellowness was 15, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.425, the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.030, and the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.443. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups, the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups, and the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups were calculated by the methods described below.

Example 2-1: Copolymer of BPEF and BHEBN; T1=235° C., T2=255° C.

The raw materials were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus in the same manner as in Example 2. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 235° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 235° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 255° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Example 2-2: Copolymer of BPEF and BHEBN; T1=245° C., T2=270° C.

The raw materials were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus in the same manner as in Example 2. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 245° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 245° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 270° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2-1: Copolymer of BPEF and BHEBN; T1=240° C., T2=290° C.

The raw materials were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus in the same manner as in Example 2. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 240° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 290° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2-2: Copolymer of BPEF and BHEBN; T1=270° C., T2=270° C.

The raw materials were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus in the same manner as in Example 2. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 270° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 270° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 270° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

(Method for Calculating Amount of Fluorene-Based Vinyl Terminal Groups)

The polycarbonate resins obtained in Examples 2, 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 contain the following repeating units.

wherein Hm and Hk each represent a hydrogen atom.

Further, a polymer and/or a compound described below is contained in the resin compositions as a by-product generated by polymerization reaction.

wherein * represents a polymer chain, and He represents a hydrogen atom.

Here, vinyl groups located at the terminals of formulas (A) and (B) are referred to as “fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups.” The ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 2, 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 was measured, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {fluorene}\text{-}{based}\mspace{14mu} {vinyl}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hc}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} \times 100.}$      In  the  aforementioned  expression, it  can  be  considered  as: $\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hc}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.75\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

(Method for Calculating Amount of Binaphthol-Based Vinyl Terminal Groups)

The resin compositions obtained in Examples 2, 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 also contain a polymer and/or a compound described below, other than the components described above in “Method for calculating amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups”.

wherein * represents a polymer chain, and Hp represents a hydrogen atom.

Here, vinyl groups located at the terminals of formulas (D) and (E) are referred to as “binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups.” Based on the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 2, 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2, the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {binaphthol}\text{-}{based}\mspace{14mu} {vinyl}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hp}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} \times 100.}$      In  the  aforementioned  expression, it  can  be  considered  as: $\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hp}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.59\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

(Method for Calculating Amount of Aliphatic Terminal OH Groups)

The resin compositions obtained in Examples 2, 2-1, and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 contain a polymer as described below in which a structure having a hydroxyalkyl group is located at a terminal as an unreacted compound or a by-product:

wherein * represents a polymer chain.

Here, terminal OH groups bound to alkylene groups as shown in formulas (C) and (F) are referred to as “aliphatic terminal OH groups”. Based on the ¹H-NMR spectra of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 2, 2-1, and 2-2, and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {aliphatic}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {OH}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formulas}\mspace{11mu} (C)\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} (F)} \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}} \\ {{Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {{Hk}/8}} \end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned formula, it can be considered as:

$\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formulas}\mspace{11mu} (C)\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} (F)} \end{matrix}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hm}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 2.02\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 1.95\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

¹H-NMR chart of a resin composition produced in Example 2 is shown in FIG. 2(a). FIG. 2(b) is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 2(a).

Example 3: Copolymer of BPPEF and BHEBN; T1=240° C., T2=260° C.

7.43 kg (19.83 mol) of BHEBN, 14.69 kg (24.87 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPPEF”), 9.70 kg (45.29 mol) of DPC, and 2.41×10⁻² g (2.86×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 240° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 260° C.

The MVR of the obtained resin composition was 32 cm³/min, the yellowness was 13, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.102, the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.036, and the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.416. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups, the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups, and the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups were calculated by the methods described below.

Example 3-1: Copolymer of BPPEF and BHEBN; T1=235° C., 12=255° C.

7.43 kg (19.83 mol) of BHEBN, 14.69 kg (24.87 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPPEF”), 9.70 kg (45.29 mol) of DPC, and 2.41×10⁻² g (2.86×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 235° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 235° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 255° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Example 3-2: Copolymer of BPPEF and BHEBN; T1=245° C., T2=270° C.

7.43 kg (19.83 mol) of BHEBN, 14.69 kg (24.87 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPPEF”), 9.70 kg (45.29 mol) of DPC, and 2.41×10⁻² g (2.86×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 245° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 245° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 270° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3-1: Copolymer of BPPEF and BHEBN; T1=240° C., T2=290° C.

7.43 kg (19.83 mol) of BHEBN, 14.69 kg (24.87 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPPEF”), 9.70 kg (45.29 mol) of DPC, and 2.41×10⁻² g (2.86×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 240° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 290° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3-2: Copolymer of BPPEF and BHEBN; T1=270° C., T2=270° C.

7.43 kg (19.83 mol) of BHEBN, 14.69 kg (24.87 mol) of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene (hereinafter also referred to as “BPPEF”), 9.70 kg (45.29 mol) of DPC, and 2.41×10⁻² g (2.86×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the temperature was raised to 205° C. over 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. Thereafter, the raw materials were melted while the pressure was reduced to 700 Torr over 10 minutes. The mixture was held for 10 minutes as it was, followed by stirring, and was further held for 100 minutes, and thereafter the pressure was reduced to 205 Torr over 20 minutes. After the mixture was held for 60 minutes as it was, the pressure was adjusted to 180 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 215° C. and 180 Torr. The pressure was adjusted to 150 Torr further over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 30 minutes under conditions of 230° C. and 150 Torr. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 Torr, and the temperature was raised to 270° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held for 10 minutes. The pressure was reduced to 1 Torr or less further over 50 minutes, and the mixture was held for 40 minutes under conditions of 270° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 270° C. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate composition are shown in Table 1.

(Method for Calculating Amount of Fluorene-Based Vinyl Terminal Groups)

The polycarbonate resins obtained in Examples 3, 3-1 and 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 contain the following repeating units.

wherein Hg and Hk each represent a hydrogen atom.

Further, a polymer and/or a compound described below is contained in the resin compositions as a by-product generated by polymerization reaction.

wherein * represents a polymer chain, and Hd represents a hydrogen atom.

Here, vinyl groups located at the terminals of formulas (G) and (H) are refereed to as “fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups.” The ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 3, 3-1 and 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 was measured, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {fluorene}\text{-}{based}\mspace{14mu} {vinyl}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hd}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned expression, it can be considered as:

$\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hd}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.59\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.55\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

(Method for Calculating Amount of Binaphthol-Based Vinyl Terminal Groups)

The resin compositions obtained in Examples 3, 3-1 and 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 also contain a polymer and/or a compound described below, other than the components described above in “Method for calculating amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups”.

wherein * represents a polymer chain, and Hp represents a hydrogen atom.

Here, vinyl groups located at the terminals of formulas (D) and (E) are referred to as “binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups.” Based on the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 3, 3-1 and 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2, the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {binaphthol}\text{-}{based}\mspace{14mu} {vinyl}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hp}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned expression, it can be considered as:

$\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hp}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.69\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 4.59\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

(Method for Calculating Amount of Aliphatic Terminal OH Groups)

The resin compositions obtained in Examples 3, 3-1, and 3-2, and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 contain a polymer as described below in which a structure having a hydroxyalkyl group is located at a terminal as an unreacted compound or a by-product:

wherein * represents a polymer chain.

Here, terminal OH groups bound to alkylene groups as shown in formulas (I) and (F) are referred to as “aliphatic terminal OH groups”. Based on the ¹H-NMR spectra of the resin compositions obtained in Examples 3, 3-1, and 3-2, and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {aliphatic}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {OH}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formulas}\mspace{11mu} (I)\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} (F)} \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}} \\ {{Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} \end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned formula, it can be considered as:

$\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formulas}\mspace{11mu} (I)\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} (F)} \end{matrix}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Hg}\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} {Hk}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 2.02\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 1.95\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

¹H-NMR chart of the resin composition produced in Example 3 is shown in FIG. 3(a). FIG. 3(b) is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 3(a).

Example 4: Copolymer of BPEF and bisphenol A; T1=240° C., T2=260° C.

16.09 kg (36.69 mol) of BPEF, 13.06 kg (5.72 mol) of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (hereinafter also referred to as “bisphenol A”), 9.51 kg (44.39 mol) of DPC, and 2.14×10⁻² g (2.54×10⁻⁴ mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate were put into a 50-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer and a distillation apparatus. After conducting nitrogen purging, the mixture was stirred while being heated to 205° C. over 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr. After the complete dissolution of the raw materials, the pressure reduction degree was adjusted to 150 Torr over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes under conditions of 205° C. and 150 Torr, followed by transesterification reaction. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 240° C. at a rate of 37.5° C./hr, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 150 Torr for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 120 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 120 Torr for 70 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was adjusted to 100 Torr over 10 minutes, and the mixture was held at 240° C. and 100 Torr for 10 minutes. Further, the conditions were changed to 1 Torr or less over 40 minutes, and polymerization reaction was performed under stirring for 10 minutes under conditions of 240° C. and 1 Torr or less. After the completion of the reaction, nitrogen was blown into the reactor for pressurization, and the produced polycarbonate resin was taken out while being pelletized.

0.02 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate (RIKEMAL S-100A, manufactured by RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.), 0.1 parts by weight of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (ADK STAB AO-60, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION), and 0.03 parts by weight of 3,9-bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (ADK STAB PEP-36, manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION) per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellet taken out were compounded using a vented twin-screw extruder (IPEC, manufactured by NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD.; complete meshing, rotation in the same direction) to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition.

The extrusion conditions were an output rate of 10 kg/h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature from the first supply port to the die part of 260° C.

The MVR of the resin composition obtained was 30 cm³/min, the yellowness was 7, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was 0.209, and the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was 0.150. The amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was calculated by the method shown below.

(Method for Calculating Amount of Aliphatic Terminal OH Groups)

The polycarbonate resins obtained in Example 4 contain the following repeating unit.

wherein Ha represents a hydrogen atom.

The resin composition obtained in Example 4 contains a polymer as described below in which a structure having a hydroxyalkyl group is located at a terminal as an unreacted compound or a by-product:

wherein * represents a polymer chain.

Here, terminal OH groups bound to alkylene groups as shown in formula (C) are referred to as “aliphatic terminal OH groups”. Based on the ¹H-NMR spectrum of the resin composition obtained in Example 4, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups was calculated using the following expression:

${{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {aliphatic}\mspace{14mu} {terminal}\mspace{14mu} {OH}\mspace{14mu} {groups}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formula}\mspace{11mu} (C)} \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}} \\ {{{Ha}/0.87}/2} \end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}} \times 100.}$

In the aforementioned formula, it can be considered as:

$\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {hydroxyl}} \\ {{groups}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {compounds}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {formula}\mspace{11mu} (C)} \end{matrix}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {proton}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {corresponding}\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} {Ha}} = {\frac{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 2.02\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 1.95\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}{{Integral}\mspace{14mu} {value}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {peaks}\mspace{14mu} {at}\mspace{14mu} 4.80\mspace{14mu} {to}\mspace{14mu} 2.80\mspace{14mu} {ppm}}.}$

¹H-NMR chart of the resin composition produced in Example 4 is shown in FIG. 4(a). FIG. 4(b) is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 4(a).

Table 1 below summarizes the amount of fluorene-based vinyl terminal groups and/or the amount of binaphthol-based vinyl terminal groups, and the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups calculated in Examples 1 to 4, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, and 3-2, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, and 3-2, and the values of the MVR and the yellowness measured therein.

TABLE 1 Amount of Amount of fluorene- binaphthol- Amount of Reaction Extrusion based vinyl based vinyl aliphatic temperature temperature terminal terminal terminal T1 T2 MVR groups groups Yellowness OH groups ° C. ° C. cm³/10 min % % — % Example 1 240 260 30 0.198 — 5 0.103 Comparative 265 285 30 0.510 — 20 0.070 Example 1 Comparative 230 245 35 0.550 — 21 0.463 Example 2 Example 2 240 260 32 0.030 0.443 15 0.425 Example 2-1 235 255 30 0.210 0.321 14 0.221 Example 2-2 245 270 30 0.302 0.821 16 0.190 Comparative 240 290 33 0.621 1.100 25 0.520 Example 2-1 Comparative 270 270 30 0.520 1.102 23 0.511 Example 2-2 Example 3 240 260 32 0.036 0.416 13 0.102 Example 3-1 235 255 30 0.250 0.269 14 0.125 Example 3-2 245 270 30 0.400 0.789 15 0.250 Comparative 240 290 33 0.621 1.201 25 0.600 Example 3-1 Comparative 270 270 30 0.520 1.330 23 0.502 Example 3-2 Example 4 240 260 30 0.150 — 7 0.209

It is understood from Table 1 that, in the resin compositions of the present invention, the values of yellowness were low, and coloration was suppressed. This is probably because the amounts of compounds (by-products) having vinyl terminal groups and compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups contained in the resin compositions were small.

Generally, in the case where the polymerization temperature and the mixing temperature are low, the amount of aliphatic terminal OH groups tends to be large. An increase in amount of OH groups causes a deterioration in hydrolysis resistance, as is generally known. When the hydrolysis resistance deteriorates, the amount of decomposed products produced during molding increases, resulting in an increase in yellowness. On the other hand, in the case where the polymerization temperature and the mixing temperature are high, the reaction rate increase, and the amount of remaining OH groups derived from monomers decreases, but the amount of vinyl groups occurring in the reaction system increases, and the yellowness tends to be high. In contrast, according to the method of the present invention, the production of both of compounds having aliphatic terminal OH groups and compounds having vinyl terminal groups in the resin compositions can be suppressed, as a result of which resin compositions in which coloration is suppressed can be obtained.

Further, the resin compositions of the present invention maintain fluidity, thus having excellent moldability, and therefore it can be said that they are suitable as materials for precision members.

2. Film

Using the resin compositions produced above, films were produced. The obtained films were evaluated by the methods shown below.

(1) Total Light Transmittance and Haze

The total light transmittance and haze were measured using a haze meter (“HM-150” manufactured by MURAKAMI COLOR RESEARCH LABORATORY) according to JIS K-7361 and JIS K-7136.

(2) Glass Transition Temperature

The measurement was performed using a differential thermal scanning calorimeter (DSC) (measurement device: Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation DSC7000X).

(3) Surface Shape

The surface shapes of the light diffusing films were evaluated based on the arithmetic average roughness. The arithmetic average roughness was calculated as follows, by plotting a roughness curve using a small surface roughness meter (“Surftest SJ-210” manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation). From the plotted roughness curve, the range of the reference length (l) (average line direction) was extracted. When the average line direction of the extracted portion serves as the X axis, the direction orthogonal to the X axis serves as the Y axis, and the roughness curve is expressed as y=f(x), a value (μm) obtained by the following expression was taken as arithmetic average roughness (Ra). Here, the “reference length (1) (average line direction)” indicates the reference length of roughness parameters based on JIS B 0601:2001(ISO 4287:1997).

${Ra} = {\frac{1}{}{\int_{0}^{}{{{f(x)}}{dx}}}}$

(4) Refractive Index

Films having a thickness of 0.1 mm were measured using an Abbe refractometer according to the method of JIS-K-7142 (at a wavelength of 589 nm at 23° C.).

(5) Abbe Number (ν)

The refractive index of a film having a thickness of 0.1 mm was measured using an Abbe refractometer at a wavelength of 486 nm, 589 nm, and 656 nm, at 23° C., and further the Abbe number was calculated using the following expression.

ν=(nD−1)/(nF−nC)

nD: Refractive index at a wavelength of 589 nm nC: Refractive index at a wavelength of 656 nm nF: Refractive index at a wavelength of 486 nm

(6) Melt Volume Rate (MVR)

The MVR is an index indicating the fluidity of the resin compositions, and a larger value indicates a higher fluidity. The resin compositions produced in Examples were dried at 120° C. under vacuum for 4 hours, and the measurement was performed using a melt indexer T-111, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd., under conditions of a temperature of 260° C. and a load of 2160 g.

Example 5

Pellets of the resin composition produced in Example 2 were melt-extruded at 280° C. using a 26-mm twin screw-extruder and a T-die. The extruded molten film was nipped with a first cooling roll having a diameter of 200 mm and made of silicon rubber and a matted (arithmetic average surface roughness: 3.2 μm) second cooling roll having a diameter of 200 mm and made of metal. The matte pattern was shaped on the film surface, followed by cooling, and further the film was passed on a third cooling roll having a mirror surface structure and made of metal, so that a single sided matte film was formed while being taken up with a take-up roll. At this time, the arithmetic average roughness of the film surface was adjusted to 3.0 μm by setting the temperature of the first cooling roll to 40° C., the temperature of the second cooling roll to 130° C., and the temperature of the third cooling roll to 130° C., and adjusting the speed of the cooling rolls.

Comparative Example 3

Using pellets of a polycarbonate resin (EUPILON H-4000, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation), a film was produced in the same manner as in Example 5.

The evaluation results for the films obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Comparative Example 5 Example 3 Film thickness (μm) 220 250 Haze (%) 88.6 76 Total light transmittance (%) 86.1 89.1 Arithmetic average roughness (μm) 3.0 1.8 Glass transition temperature (° C.) 134 142 MVR 260° C. cm³/10 min 32 30 Abbe number 21.5 30.1 Refractive index 1.651 1.584

The films of the present invention exhibit high haze and high arithmetic average roughness while maintaining the total light transmittance required for optical films. This means that the films of the present invention have excellent transferability, that is, excellent shapability. Further, it also turns out that the films of the present invention are excellent in evaluation of the Abbe number, the refractive index, and the like, that are required as basic properties of optical materials. Further, the films of the present invention have small values of the birefringence phase difference. This means that the difference in birefringence between the center and the ends of the films is small, and the films are more uniform.

It should be understood that some embodiments of the invention described herein are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications would fall within the scope and spirit of the invention and are included in the invention described in the appended claims and their equivalents. 

1. A method for producing a resin composition, comprising: (a) obtaining a resin by polymerization of a resin raw material containing a compound represented by formula (1) below:

wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom; each X is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and each n is independently an integer of 1 to 5; and (b) obtaining a resin composition by mixing an additive into the resin, wherein a polymerization temperature T1 in step (a) falls within the range of 230° C.<T1<250° C., and a mixing temperature T2 in step (b) falls within the range of 250° C.≤T2<280° C.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization is performed under a pressure of 1 Torr or less.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein X is ethylene.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein n is
 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene and 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resin further contains a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (2) below:

wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom; each Y is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; W is a single bond or

wherein R₈, R₉, and R₁₄ to R₁₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a phenyl group; and Z′ is an integer of 3 to 11; and p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to
 5. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein p and q are 0, and W is:


8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is bisphenol A.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resin further contains a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (3) below:

wherein each Z is independently an optionally branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and each m is independently an integer of 1 to
 5. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein Z is ethylene.
 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein m is
 1. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the compound represented by formula (3) is 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene.
 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, and a polyester carbonate resin.
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the resin is a polycarbonate resin. 